rus
Issue #8/2020
A. V. Samvelov, S. G. Yasev, V.V., Startsev, A. S. Moskalenko, E. D. Dektereva, O. V. Pakhomov
Dependence of Main Characteristics of Microcryogenic Stirling System for Cryostating of Photodetector Modules on The Mean Pressure Cycle
Dependence of Main Characteristics of Microcryogenic Stirling System for Cryostating of Photodetector Modules on The Mean Pressure Cycle
DOI: 10.22184/1993-7296.FRos.2020.14.8.674.679
The defining component of the cooled photodetector IR module, which qualitatively affects its main characteristics, is the microcryogenic system. The reader is offered to study the dependences of the technical characteristics of the Stirling monoblock microcryogenic system (MCS) on the average pressure of the cryoagent in the system for the purpose of optimization.
The defining component of the cooled photodetector IR module, which qualitatively affects its main characteristics, is the microcryogenic system. The reader is offered to study the dependences of the technical characteristics of the Stirling monoblock microcryogenic system (MCS) on the average pressure of the cryoagent in the system for the purpose of optimization.
Теги: cooled ir photodetectors cryostatting microcryogenic stirling systems криостатирование микрокриогенные системы стирлинга охлаждаемые фотоприемники ик-диапазона
Dependence of Main Characteristics of Microcryogenic Stirling System for Cryostating of Photodetector Modules on The Mean Pressure Cycle
A. V. Samvelov 1, S. G. Yasev 1, V. V. Startsev 1, A. S. Moskalenko 1, E. D. Dektereva 1, O. V. Pakhomov 2
JSC “Optical and Mechanical Design Bureau “ASTROHN”, Lytkarino, Moscow region Russia
ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
The defining component of the cooled photodetector IR module, which qualitatively affects its main characteristics, is the microcryogenic system. The reader is offered to study the dependences of the technical characteristics of the Stirling monoblock microcryogenic system (MCS) on the average pressure of the cryoagent in the system for the purpose of optimization.
Keywords: cooled IR photodetectors, microcryogenic Stirling systems, cryostatting
Received on: 24.10.2020
Accepted on: 24.11.2020
In domestic industry, astronomy, the army, science and other spheres of life, microcryogenic systems (MCS) are widely used for cryostatting infrared photodetectors. The MCS is one of the most important components of photodetector modules (PDM), which provide cooling of photosensitive structures to the operating temperature. The microcryogenic system largely determines the operational characteristics of the photodetector module [1–3].
Photodetectors of medium and long subbands of infrared radiation waves require low temperatures to suppress intrinsic noise, decrease the rate of thermal generation in a narrow band gap (for semiconductors), increase sensitivity and electrical conductivity. They are designed to receive their own (as well as reflected) thermal radiation of objects [4]. In other words, cooling is necessary to ensure the photoelectric parameters (detectivity, voltage sensitivity, etc.) of the photodetector module (PDM), which is part of the IR equipment. For this, it is necessary to organize external active cooling of the PDM to cryogenic temperatures [5].
The article analyzes the dependence of the technical characteristics of Stirling microcryogenic systems (power consumption, cycle frequency and speed) of a microcryogenic system for cryostatting photodetector modules on the average cycle pressure.
Figures 1, 2 shows a microcryogenic system (serial no. 00053), integrated alternately with a thermal model and a photodetector module for research.
The microcryogenic system has successfully passed a series of tests for strength and resistance to external influences.
Figure 3 shows the dependence of the power consumption of the MCS sample in a composition with a thermal simulator (TS) with its own heat flux of 250 mW, measured at the normal climatic conditions, and the reduced cooled mass in copper equivalent, amounting to 4 g.
The microcryogenic system was sequentially filled with different pressures in the range from 2 to 4 MPa, with a step of 0.2 MPa. In valveless pneumatic systems, the filling pressure corresponds to the average system pressure. In all experiments, the MCS was stabilized at a cryostatting temperature of 110 K, which is required for cryostatting of hot detectors.
As the dependence of the stationary power consumption of the MCS (orange curve) in the stabilized mode (110 K) shows, the optimal section of the average cryoagent pressure corresponded to 3.2–4 MPa. The stabilized power consumption in this section was maintained at a level of ≈2.0 W (see Fig. 3). As for the behavior of the drive rotation MCS frequency and the time to reach the cryostatting temperature (red and blue curves, respectively), the dependences of these characteristics on the average cycle pressure behave almost equidistantly relative to each other and have an optimum also in the 3.2–4 MPa region as in the case of power consumption.
Figure 4 shows a series of curves – the dependences of the above characteristics of the MCS on the average pressure of the MCS cycle during operation of the microcryogenic system as part of the ASTRON‑640KRT15A35 photodetector module.
The photodetector module ASTRON‑640KRT15A35, manufactured by JSC “OMDB “ASTRON”, has a reduced cooled mass of 4 g in copper equivalent and heat gains of 150 mW, measured in the normal climatic conditions.
The behavior of the dependences of the characteristics of the MCS docked with the PDM on the average pressure of the cycle, as in the case of the operation of the MCS in a composition with a thermal simulator, confirmed that the development and manufacture of the thermal simulator was carried out with the maximum approximation to the PDM from the point of view of thermal physics.
It is also significant here that in the pressure range from 3 to 4 MPa, the stationary power, the time to reach the cryostatting temperature and the frequency of the electric drive remain optimal and practically unchanged (about 2 W, 3 min and 12–15 Hz, respectively).
Analysis of the obtained dependencies allows us to state the following. In the range from 3 to 4 MPa, the power consumed by the system (orange curve) undergoes a relatively small positive derivative with an increase in the average cycle pressure. This is mainly due to the manifestation of a greater degree of non-isothermal compression, thereby leading to an increase in losses from heat inflows from the presence of non-isothermal compression.
According to Schmidt’s theory [5]:
, (1)
where f is the shaft rotation frequency, is the average pressure of the cycle, V0 is the maximum volume of the expansion cavity, δ, θ are the design factors, ω is the ratio of the maximum volumes of the cavities, is the phase shift angle.
In the range of average pressures from 1 to 3 MPa, there is a consistent drop in the power consumption (see Fig. 4). At the same time, closer to the value of 1 MPa, the drop increases more intensively. This behavior can be explained by the fact that in order to achieve the required cycle characteristics, more energy is consumed to increase the shaft speed (f) (increase in the frequency of Stirling cycles). Expression (1) does not work in this section. The shaft speed (red curve) just confirms this conclusion.
Conclusion
Thus, the conducted studies allow us to conclude that Stirling microcryogenic systems of low useful power (up to 1 W) illustrate a very original behavior of the main characteristics depending on the average cycle pressure.
In the range from 1 to 3 MPa of the average pressure of the cycle, the dependence N, n, τ = f () has a decreasing character. since an increase in pressure leads to a greater efficiency of the cycle and, therefore, less energy consumption is required, both in the rotation frequency and in the power consumption, but up to a certain limit, which is located near the value of the average pressure of 3 MPa, after which relation (1) begins to work.
In the range from 3 to 4 MPa, the dependences change, and with an increase in the average pressure, the curves n, τ = f () slowly decrease in values, while the MCS power insignificantly increases. This is due to an increase in the MCS heat flux due to the non-isothermal compression of the cryoagent in the compressor and other types of irreversibility, when (1) takes place.
Considering the above, we can conclude that the optimal average pressure of the cycle of this MCS, in other words, its filling pressure will lie near the point of 3 MPa. Since at the maximum efficiency of the cycle, its energy consumption is minimal, therefore, the thermodynamic efficiency of the system will be maximum.
REFERENCES
Samvelov A. V., YAsev S. G., Moskalenko A. S., Starcev V. V., Baranov A. YU., Pahomov O. V. Domestic microcryogenics: microcryogenic systems for photoreceiveng modules. Photonics Russia (Fotonica). 2020;14(4): 332–337. DOI: 10.22184/FRos.2020.14.4.332.337
Samvelov A. V., YAsev S.G., Moskalenko A. S., Starcev V. V., Pahomov O. V. Integral Microcryogenic Stirling Systems as a Part Of Cryostatting Photoreceiving Modules Based On Long Ir Region Matrix. Photonics Russia (Fotonica). 2019;13(1): 58–64. DOI: 10.22184/FRos.2019.13.1.58.64.
Samvelov A. V. Mikrokriogennye sistemy Stirlinga v integral’nom ispolnenii s povyshennym resursom raboty. Prikladnaya fizika. 2010; 2: 80–82.
Samvelov A. V., Minaev D. V., Koshelev P. A., Baranov I. V., Baranov A. YU., Pahomov O. V. Issledovanie mikrokriogennoj sistemy Stirlinga v rasshirennom diapazone temperatur kriostatirovaniya. Prikladnaya fizika. 2017; 4: 89–93.
Arharov A. M. i dr. Kriogennye sistemy. – M.: Mashinostroenie. 1987.
ABOUT AUTHORS
Samvelov A. V., Cand.of Scien. (Engin.), JSC “Optical and Mechanical Design Bureau “ASTROHN”, Lytkarino, Moscow region Russia.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5840-7626
Yasev S. G., JSC “Optical and Mechanical Design Bureau “ASTROHN”, Lytkarino, Moscow region Russia.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1792-6849
Startsev V. V., Cand.of Scien. (Engin.), chief designer, JSC “Optical and Mechanical Design Bureau “ASTROHN”, Lytkarino, Moscow region Russia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2800-544X
Moskalenko A. S., JSC “Optical and Mechanical Design Bureau “ASTROHN”, Lytkarino, Moscow region Russia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1657-5015
Dektereva E. D., JSC “Optical and Mechanical Design Bureau “ASTROHN”, Lytkarino, Moscow region Russia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8187-1275
Pakhomov O. V., ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8228-6329
Contribution by the members of the team of authors
The article was prepared on the basis of work by all members of the team of authors.
Conflict of interest
The authors claim that they have no conflict of interest. All authors took part in writing the article and supplemented the manuscript in part of their work.
A. V. Samvelov 1, S. G. Yasev 1, V. V. Startsev 1, A. S. Moskalenko 1, E. D. Dektereva 1, O. V. Pakhomov 2
JSC “Optical and Mechanical Design Bureau “ASTROHN”, Lytkarino, Moscow region Russia
ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
The defining component of the cooled photodetector IR module, which qualitatively affects its main characteristics, is the microcryogenic system. The reader is offered to study the dependences of the technical characteristics of the Stirling monoblock microcryogenic system (MCS) on the average pressure of the cryoagent in the system for the purpose of optimization.
Keywords: cooled IR photodetectors, microcryogenic Stirling systems, cryostatting
Received on: 24.10.2020
Accepted on: 24.11.2020
In domestic industry, astronomy, the army, science and other spheres of life, microcryogenic systems (MCS) are widely used for cryostatting infrared photodetectors. The MCS is one of the most important components of photodetector modules (PDM), which provide cooling of photosensitive structures to the operating temperature. The microcryogenic system largely determines the operational characteristics of the photodetector module [1–3].
Photodetectors of medium and long subbands of infrared radiation waves require low temperatures to suppress intrinsic noise, decrease the rate of thermal generation in a narrow band gap (for semiconductors), increase sensitivity and electrical conductivity. They are designed to receive their own (as well as reflected) thermal radiation of objects [4]. In other words, cooling is necessary to ensure the photoelectric parameters (detectivity, voltage sensitivity, etc.) of the photodetector module (PDM), which is part of the IR equipment. For this, it is necessary to organize external active cooling of the PDM to cryogenic temperatures [5].
The article analyzes the dependence of the technical characteristics of Stirling microcryogenic systems (power consumption, cycle frequency and speed) of a microcryogenic system for cryostatting photodetector modules on the average cycle pressure.
Figures 1, 2 shows a microcryogenic system (serial no. 00053), integrated alternately with a thermal model and a photodetector module for research.
The microcryogenic system has successfully passed a series of tests for strength and resistance to external influences.
Figure 3 shows the dependence of the power consumption of the MCS sample in a composition with a thermal simulator (TS) with its own heat flux of 250 mW, measured at the normal climatic conditions, and the reduced cooled mass in copper equivalent, amounting to 4 g.
The microcryogenic system was sequentially filled with different pressures in the range from 2 to 4 MPa, with a step of 0.2 MPa. In valveless pneumatic systems, the filling pressure corresponds to the average system pressure. In all experiments, the MCS was stabilized at a cryostatting temperature of 110 K, which is required for cryostatting of hot detectors.
As the dependence of the stationary power consumption of the MCS (orange curve) in the stabilized mode (110 K) shows, the optimal section of the average cryoagent pressure corresponded to 3.2–4 MPa. The stabilized power consumption in this section was maintained at a level of ≈2.0 W (see Fig. 3). As for the behavior of the drive rotation MCS frequency and the time to reach the cryostatting temperature (red and blue curves, respectively), the dependences of these characteristics on the average cycle pressure behave almost equidistantly relative to each other and have an optimum also in the 3.2–4 MPa region as in the case of power consumption.
Figure 4 shows a series of curves – the dependences of the above characteristics of the MCS on the average pressure of the MCS cycle during operation of the microcryogenic system as part of the ASTRON‑640KRT15A35 photodetector module.
The photodetector module ASTRON‑640KRT15A35, manufactured by JSC “OMDB “ASTRON”, has a reduced cooled mass of 4 g in copper equivalent and heat gains of 150 mW, measured in the normal climatic conditions.
The behavior of the dependences of the characteristics of the MCS docked with the PDM on the average pressure of the cycle, as in the case of the operation of the MCS in a composition with a thermal simulator, confirmed that the development and manufacture of the thermal simulator was carried out with the maximum approximation to the PDM from the point of view of thermal physics.
It is also significant here that in the pressure range from 3 to 4 MPa, the stationary power, the time to reach the cryostatting temperature and the frequency of the electric drive remain optimal and practically unchanged (about 2 W, 3 min and 12–15 Hz, respectively).
Analysis of the obtained dependencies allows us to state the following. In the range from 3 to 4 MPa, the power consumed by the system (orange curve) undergoes a relatively small positive derivative with an increase in the average cycle pressure. This is mainly due to the manifestation of a greater degree of non-isothermal compression, thereby leading to an increase in losses from heat inflows from the presence of non-isothermal compression.
According to Schmidt’s theory [5]:
, (1)
where f is the shaft rotation frequency, is the average pressure of the cycle, V0 is the maximum volume of the expansion cavity, δ, θ are the design factors, ω is the ratio of the maximum volumes of the cavities, is the phase shift angle.
In the range of average pressures from 1 to 3 MPa, there is a consistent drop in the power consumption (see Fig. 4). At the same time, closer to the value of 1 MPa, the drop increases more intensively. This behavior can be explained by the fact that in order to achieve the required cycle characteristics, more energy is consumed to increase the shaft speed (f) (increase in the frequency of Stirling cycles). Expression (1) does not work in this section. The shaft speed (red curve) just confirms this conclusion.
Conclusion
Thus, the conducted studies allow us to conclude that Stirling microcryogenic systems of low useful power (up to 1 W) illustrate a very original behavior of the main characteristics depending on the average cycle pressure.
In the range from 1 to 3 MPa of the average pressure of the cycle, the dependence N, n, τ = f () has a decreasing character. since an increase in pressure leads to a greater efficiency of the cycle and, therefore, less energy consumption is required, both in the rotation frequency and in the power consumption, but up to a certain limit, which is located near the value of the average pressure of 3 MPa, after which relation (1) begins to work.
In the range from 3 to 4 MPa, the dependences change, and with an increase in the average pressure, the curves n, τ = f () slowly decrease in values, while the MCS power insignificantly increases. This is due to an increase in the MCS heat flux due to the non-isothermal compression of the cryoagent in the compressor and other types of irreversibility, when (1) takes place.
Considering the above, we can conclude that the optimal average pressure of the cycle of this MCS, in other words, its filling pressure will lie near the point of 3 MPa. Since at the maximum efficiency of the cycle, its energy consumption is minimal, therefore, the thermodynamic efficiency of the system will be maximum.
REFERENCES
Samvelov A. V., YAsev S. G., Moskalenko A. S., Starcev V. V., Baranov A. YU., Pahomov O. V. Domestic microcryogenics: microcryogenic systems for photoreceiveng modules. Photonics Russia (Fotonica). 2020;14(4): 332–337. DOI: 10.22184/FRos.2020.14.4.332.337
Samvelov A. V., YAsev S.G., Moskalenko A. S., Starcev V. V., Pahomov O. V. Integral Microcryogenic Stirling Systems as a Part Of Cryostatting Photoreceiving Modules Based On Long Ir Region Matrix. Photonics Russia (Fotonica). 2019;13(1): 58–64. DOI: 10.22184/FRos.2019.13.1.58.64.
Samvelov A. V. Mikrokriogennye sistemy Stirlinga v integral’nom ispolnenii s povyshennym resursom raboty. Prikladnaya fizika. 2010; 2: 80–82.
Samvelov A. V., Minaev D. V., Koshelev P. A., Baranov I. V., Baranov A. YU., Pahomov O. V. Issledovanie mikrokriogennoj sistemy Stirlinga v rasshirennom diapazone temperatur kriostatirovaniya. Prikladnaya fizika. 2017; 4: 89–93.
Arharov A. M. i dr. Kriogennye sistemy. – M.: Mashinostroenie. 1987.
ABOUT AUTHORS
Samvelov A. V., Cand.of Scien. (Engin.), JSC “Optical and Mechanical Design Bureau “ASTROHN”, Lytkarino, Moscow region Russia.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5840-7626
Yasev S. G., JSC “Optical and Mechanical Design Bureau “ASTROHN”, Lytkarino, Moscow region Russia.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1792-6849
Startsev V. V., Cand.of Scien. (Engin.), chief designer, JSC “Optical and Mechanical Design Bureau “ASTROHN”, Lytkarino, Moscow region Russia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2800-544X
Moskalenko A. S., JSC “Optical and Mechanical Design Bureau “ASTROHN”, Lytkarino, Moscow region Russia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1657-5015
Dektereva E. D., JSC “Optical and Mechanical Design Bureau “ASTROHN”, Lytkarino, Moscow region Russia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8187-1275
Pakhomov O. V., ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8228-6329
Contribution by the members of the team of authors
The article was prepared on the basis of work by all members of the team of authors.
Conflict of interest
The authors claim that they have no conflict of interest. All authors took part in writing the article and supplemented the manuscript in part of their work.
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