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Technologies and Technology Equipment
E. Zemlyakov, K.Babkin, R. Korsmik, M.Sklyar, M.Kuznetsov
Prospects of Use of Laser Cladding Technology for Restoration of Compressor Blades of Gas Turbine Engines Laser cladding as technology of repair operations is in demand for the restoration of the parts, which were operated in aggressive media and subjected to surface wear. It is applicable to the machines and mechanisms, which are used in engine building, nuclear power engineering, petrochemical production, mineral resource and metal-working industries. Analysis of technologies and equipment for the restoration of compressor blades of gas turbine engines and steam generators applied in the world practice is given. The domestic complex of laser cladding is suggested.
Prospects of Use of Laser Cladding Technology for Restoration of Compressor Blades of Gas Turbine Engines Laser cladding as technology of repair operations is in demand for the restoration of the parts, which were operated in aggressive media and subjected to surface wear. It is applicable to the machines and mechanisms, which are used in engine building, nuclear power engineering, petrochemical production, mineral resource and metal-working industries. Analysis of technologies and equipment for the restoration of compressor blades of gas turbine engines and steam generators applied in the world practice is given. The domestic complex of laser cladding is suggested.
Tags: compressor blades gas-turbine engine laser cladding laser cladding complex steam generator газотурбинный двигатель комплекс для лазерной наплавки лазерная наплавка лопатки компрессора парогенератор
Dr. S. Jakschik, S.Blei
Laser Fumes in Femtosecond Laser Processes – Product, Process and Environment Considerations The laser processing ultrashort pulses are used for advanced technologies of making of high-melting glasses, structuring of thin films for photovoltaic and electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. The understanding the nature of the arising laser fumes is major factor in predicting of product quality, safety of personnel and industrial equipment life.
Laser Fumes in Femtosecond Laser Processes – Product, Process and Environment Considerations The laser processing ultrashort pulses are used for advanced technologies of making of high-melting glasses, structuring of thin films for photovoltaic and electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. The understanding the nature of the arising laser fumes is major factor in predicting of product quality, safety of personnel and industrial equipment life.
Tags: extraction and filtration system femtosecond laser laser fumes safety of personnel ultra-fast laser безопасность труда лазерный смог лазеры с ультракороткими импульсами системы вытяжки и фильтрации фемтосекундные лазеры
M. Koch, P.Krok
Orientation of Fibers in Reinforced Polymer Compounds Liquid crystal polymers provide high dimensional stability, stiffness and tensile strength combined with high elasticity. For this type of materials there is a wide field of application in many industrial branches, especially the automotive industry. Method to study the fiber orientation of fiber-reinforced material with THz spectroscopy and demonstrate the enormous potential of THz-TDS for the quality analysis of polymeric compounds is presented.
Orientation of Fibers in Reinforced Polymer Compounds Liquid crystal polymers provide high dimensional stability, stiffness and tensile strength combined with high elasticity. For this type of materials there is a wide field of application in many industrial branches, especially the automotive industry. Method to study the fiber orientation of fiber-reinforced material with THz spectroscopy and demonstrate the enormous potential of THz-TDS for the quality analysis of polymeric compounds is presented.
Tags: fiber-reinforced material? thz-timedomain spectroscopy (tds) polymer compounds армированные волокном материалы полимерные компаунды терагерцевая спектроскопия с временным разрешением (тсвр)
Lasers & Laser Systems
A.Poleshchuk, V.Khomutov, A.Matochkin, R.Nasyrov, V.Cherkashin
Laser interferometers for control of optical surface shape The review of up-to-date laser interferometers, which are intended for the control of optical surface shape, is given and their analysis is performed. The methods of control of shape of spherical and aspherical surfaces are considered on the basis of use of computer-synthesized holograms in combination with laser interferometers. The key peculiarities and distinctive features of interferometer of FTI-100 model are considered.
Laser interferometers for control of optical surface shape The review of up-to-date laser interferometers, which are intended for the control of optical surface shape, is given and their analysis is performed. The methods of control of shape of spherical and aspherical surfaces are considered on the basis of use of computer-synthesized holograms in combination with laser interferometers. The key peculiarities and distinctive features of interferometer of FTI-100 model are considered.
Tags: asphere testing. computer-generated holograms diffractive optics interferometry дифракционная оптика интерферометрия контроль асферической оптики синтезированные голограммы
D.Shelestov, S. Tomilov
Stabilization of wavelength of diode laser radiation. Dynamic characteristics of Peltier Elements Radiation generation in semiconductor lasers is invariably accompanied by unwanted heat-producing processes, which results in the wavelength instability. Introduction of distributed feedback (DFB) lasers (λ = 1550 nm) executed in Butterfly body and measuring bridge with the differential amplifier into the thermal stabilization circuit resulted in the decrease of instability level of wavelength from 4 pm to 300 fm. Thermoelectric transfer characteristic of built-in cooling circuit is studied for the determination of optimal transmission band of Peltier Element. It is shown that for different laser diodes (wavelengths of 1550, 1310 and 980 nm) the cutoff frequency of Peltier Element lies within the range of 0.2–0.4 Hz.
Stabilization of wavelength of diode laser radiation. Dynamic characteristics of Peltier Elements Radiation generation in semiconductor lasers is invariably accompanied by unwanted heat-producing processes, which results in the wavelength instability. Introduction of distributed feedback (DFB) lasers (λ = 1550 nm) executed in Butterfly body and measuring bridge with the differential amplifier into the thermal stabilization circuit resulted in the decrease of instability level of wavelength from 4 pm to 300 fm. Thermoelectric transfer characteristic of built-in cooling circuit is studied for the determination of optimal transmission band of Peltier Element. It is shown that for different laser diodes (wavelengths of 1550, 1310 and 980 nm) the cutoff frequency of Peltier Element lies within the range of 0.2–0.4 Hz.
Tags: dfb-laser laser laser driver peltier element thermoelectric cooler wavelength stability вutterfly package драйвер лазера корпус butterfly полупроводниковый лазер рос-лазер стабильность длины волны элемент пельтье
S.Zolotov, V.Privalov
Temperature effects in Hе-Nе laser The interest in the problem of study of temperature distribution along the discharge of He-Ne laser is the result of the research of capability of development of the lasers with non-traditional geometry of active elements. The ability of regulation of detected inhomogeneity of temperature distribution is studied.
Temperature effects in Hе-Nе laser The interest in the problem of study of temperature distribution along the discharge of He-Ne laser is the result of the research of capability of development of the lasers with non-traditional geometry of active elements. The ability of regulation of detected inhomogeneity of temperature distribution is studied.
Tags: hе-nе laser hе-nе лазер inhomogeneity of temperature distribution неравномерности распределения температуры
Optical Devices & Systems
S.Kotova, A.Korobtsov, N.Losevsky, A.Mayorova, S.Samagin
Liquid Crystal Focusing Device Multi-pixel spatial light modulators provide unique capabilities for generation of dynamically controlled light fields with various structures, and therefore find wide application for schemes of optical tweezers to form different optical traps and their arrays, for problems of control of focal distance of image systems and others. For practical application in biomedicine, astronomy and industry it is relevant to form complicated light fields using inexpensive and technologically simple controlled devices.
Liquid Crystal Focusing Device Multi-pixel spatial light modulators provide unique capabilities for generation of dynamically controlled light fields with various structures, and therefore find wide application for schemes of optical tweezers to form different optical traps and their arrays, for problems of control of focal distance of image systems and others. For practical application in biomedicine, astronomy and industry it is relevant to form complicated light fields using inexpensive and technologically simple controlled devices.
Tags: light fields liquid crystal modulator optical traps жидкокристаллический модулятор оптические ловушки световые поля
A.Andryieuski
In- and out-coupling devices for subwavelength waveguides. Part 2 The various lenses as in – and out-coupling devices (IODs) for optical radiation to subwavelength waveguides had took under our consideration In the first part of article. The second part is devoted to the in – and out-coupling devices on the basis of coupled waveguides and discrete scatterers.
In- and out-coupling devices for subwavelength waveguides. Part 2 The various lenses as in – and out-coupling devices (IODs) for optical radiation to subwavelength waveguides had took under our consideration In the first part of article. The second part is devoted to the in – and out-coupling devices on the basis of coupled waveguides and discrete scatterers.
Tags: in – and out-coupling devices for subwavelength waveguides subwavelength waveguides субволновые волноводы устройства ввода-вывода оптического излучения для субволновых во
A.Medvedev, A.Grinkevich, S.Knyazeva
Lenses of Hyperspectral Video Recording Instruments of Satellite Surveillance and Record Systems During the development of lenses for remote space sensing of Earth, the technical solutions determine the quality of transmitted geo-information. Ideological approaches to the constructions of optical arrangement of lenses of hyperspectral surveying instruments for surveillance and recording are considered in the article. Conditions of use of the lenses of difference categories in the equipment of satellite systems are described.
Lenses of Hyperspectral Video Recording Instruments of Satellite Surveillance and Record Systems During the development of lenses for remote space sensing of Earth, the technical solutions determine the quality of transmitted geo-information. Ideological approaches to the constructions of optical arrangement of lenses of hyperspectral surveying instruments for surveillance and recording are considered in the article. Conditions of use of the lenses of difference categories in the equipment of satellite systems are described.
Tags: double-range lens remote sensing satellite systems video recording instruments wide-angle lens двухдиапазонный объектив дистанционное зондирование земли (дзз) спутниковые системы съемочная аппаратура широкоугольный объектив
Fiber-Optic Technoligies
E.Belianko, M.Ziuzin, V.Bobrov, M.Grinstein, O.Bogdanova, A.Oreshkin
Development and application of raman OTDR for system of optical fibers distributed temperature control of overhead power transmission lines In many cases, temperature control of extended objects is performed by the measurement of temperature of optical fiber (OF) laid along or inside of these objects. The optical time domain reflectometer, which determines the temperature distribution along OF by the measurement of characteristics of Raman and Rayleigh, is developed. Processing of scattering signals takes into account the wavelength of OF attenuation and availability of OF junctions, which fiber opti communication line (FOCL) consists of. The Raman OTDRs were used for temperature control of optical power ground wire (OPGW) during ice melting..
Development and application of raman OTDR for system of optical fibers distributed temperature control of overhead power transmission lines In many cases, temperature control of extended objects is performed by the measurement of temperature of optical fiber (OF) laid along or inside of these objects. The optical time domain reflectometer, which determines the temperature distribution along OF by the measurement of characteristics of Raman and Rayleigh, is developed. Processing of scattering signals takes into account the wavelength of OF attenuation and availability of OF junctions, which fiber opti communication line (FOCL) consists of. The Raman OTDRs were used for temperature control of optical power ground wire (OPGW) during ice melting..
Tags: fiber optic lines melting ice optical fiber optical fiber temperature optical ground wire (opgw) optical time domain reflectometer (otdr) raman scattering волоконно-оптические линии связи (волс) оптический кабель в грозозащитном тросе (окгт) оптический рефлектометр оптическое волокно (ов) плавка гололеда рамановское рассеяние температура ов
O.Kolmogorov, S.Donchenko, D.Prokhorov, B.Akulin, N.Yustus
Instruments for metrological support of optical time domain reflectometers and fiber optic sensors Development, testing and operation of fiber optic communication and information transmission systems (FOTS), monitoring systems based on fiber optic sensors are not possible without measurement of their characteristics by using the appropriate measuring instruments. The article presents requirements of regulatory documents ensuring the uniformity of measurements, discusses methods and means used for the check and calibration of instruments of measurement of FOTS parameters and fiber optic sensors.
Instruments for metrological support of optical time domain reflectometers and fiber optic sensors Development, testing and operation of fiber optic communication and information transmission systems (FOTS), monitoring systems based on fiber optic sensors are not possible without measurement of their characteristics by using the appropriate measuring instruments. The article presents requirements of regulatory documents ensuring the uniformity of measurements, discusses methods and means used for the check and calibration of instruments of measurement of FOTS parameters and fiber optic sensors.
Tags: fiber optic sensor measure optical time domain reflectometer standard волоконно-оптический датчик измерения оптический рефлектометр эталон
Optoelectronic devices
C.Coates, B.Fowler, G.Holst
Scientific Digital Cameras. Elimination of restrictions using sCMOS camera CCD sensors were first developed in the late 60’s and the technology is relatively mature now. CCD performance has pushed the boundaries in the efficiency of light detection and in reducing the noise from either dark signal or amplifier readout. One weakness of a CCD is the fact that the CCD is essentially a serial readout device and low noise performance is only achieved at the expense of slow readout speeds. sCMOS technology is unique in its ability to overcome many of the mutual exclusivities that have marred other scientific detector technologies, resulting in an imaging detector that simultaneously optimizes a range of important performance parameters
Scientific Digital Cameras. Elimination of restrictions using sCMOS camera CCD sensors were first developed in the late 60’s and the technology is relatively mature now. CCD performance has pushed the boundaries in the efficiency of light detection and in reducing the noise from either dark signal or amplifier readout. One weakness of a CCD is the fact that the CCD is essentially a serial readout device and low noise performance is only achieved at the expense of slow readout speeds. sCMOS technology is unique in its ability to overcome many of the mutual exclusivities that have marred other scientific detector technologies, resulting in an imaging detector that simultaneously optimizes a range of important performance parameters
Tags: ccd-camera ccd sensors ccd-камера emccd-camera emccd-камера iccd-camera iccd-камера scmos-camera scmos (кмоп) – камера пзс-сенсор
Fiber-Optic Communication Lines
M.Kernosov, B.Ognev, E.Chulyaeva
System of three-axis stabilization of axis of laser radiation directivity diagram in atmospheric communication line Advantages of the wireless optical communication between subscriber and fiber-optic control network node consist in the use of laser beam. However, due to the peculiarities of atmospheric optical communication lines in order to have reliable signal reception under various weather conditions it is necessary to adapt them to wind, thermal and mechanical environmental fluctuations. The experiments are carried out in order to evaluate the quality and stability of optical communication channel operation (length of communication channel in experiments reached 7 km) when using the system of automatic stabilization of axis of laser radiation directivity diagram (wavelength – 785 nm).
System of three-axis stabilization of axis of laser radiation directivity diagram in atmospheric communication line Advantages of the wireless optical communication between subscriber and fiber-optic control network node consist in the use of laser beam. However, due to the peculiarities of atmospheric optical communication lines in order to have reliable signal reception under various weather conditions it is necessary to adapt them to wind, thermal and mechanical environmental fluctuations. The experiments are carried out in order to evaluate the quality and stability of optical communication channel operation (length of communication channel in experiments reached 7 km) when using the system of automatic stabilization of axis of laser radiation directivity diagram (wavelength – 785 nm).