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technospheramag
technospheramag
ТЕХНОСФЕРА_РИЦ
Technologies and Technology Equipment
M. Vasiliev, V. Zhurba, V. Mit’kin, V. Romanov, A. Schepkin
Laser Drilling of Small Diameter Deep Holes in Silica-Containing Materials Mechanism of laser destruction of a rock depends on heating temperature. The destruction is usually effected by several mechanisms all at once, their prevalence depends on the material. At first sight, introduction of passive cooling and mechanical grinding cycles to laser drilling process leads to reduced performance. But this is the case only when the material is heated above its boiling point. At lower heating temperatures, prevalent destruction mechanism is associated with weakened layer.
Laser Drilling of Small Diameter Deep Holes in Silica-Containing Materials Mechanism of laser destruction of a rock depends on heating temperature. The destruction is usually effected by several mechanisms all at once, their prevalence depends on the material. At first sight, introduction of passive cooling and mechanical grinding cycles to laser drilling process leads to reduced performance. But this is the case only when the material is heated above its boiling point. At lower heating temperatures, prevalent destruction mechanism is associated with weakened layer.
Tags: high temperature drilling laser drilling low temperature drilling высокотемпературное бурение лазерное бурение низкотемпературное бурение
F.Bachmann, D. Müller, B. Klimt, R.Knappe
Micromachining with Picosecond Lasers Picosecond lasers are poised to change the world of micromachining. In a variety of applications such as microelectronics, semiconductor, and photovoltaic industries picosecond lasers allow to achieve a new level of precision micromachining tanks to their unrivalled quality. Energy and frequency of the most high energy LUMERA Laser’s RAPID family PS lasers depend on their specific application. At pulse duration <15ps is possible to avoid undesirable thermal effects. Within a minute 10 mm³ or more of any hard or difficult to machine material can be removed. Glass machining with ps pulses leads to ablation rates of >50mm³/min.
Micromachining with Picosecond Lasers Picosecond lasers are poised to change the world of micromachining. In a variety of applications such as microelectronics, semiconductor, and photovoltaic industries picosecond lasers allow to achieve a new level of precision micromachining tanks to their unrivalled quality. Energy and frequency of the most high energy LUMERA Laser’s RAPID family PS lasers depend on their specific application. At pulse duration <15ps is possible to avoid undesirable thermal effects. Within a minute 10 mm³ or more of any hard or difficult to machine material can be removed. Glass machining with ps pulses leads to ablation rates of >50mm³/min.
Tags: hard materials ablation micro processing solid-sate lasers ultrashort-length high energy pulses абляция твердотельных материалов генерация сверхкоротких высокомощных импульсов микрообработка твердотельные лазеры
N.Istomina
Vyatka Laser Innovation and Technology Centre Recently, in October 2012, Vyatka Laser Innovation and Technology Centre (VLITC) was opened in Kirov. It is a non-profit partnership established as a part of a Russian-German project. The idea and ideology of these laser centers was founded in 1992 with the signing of the Russian-German interstate agreement. The project leader a man of great energy K. Nowicki, sharing experiences and noting the work prospects, said that cooperation between business, research organizations and educational institutions always gives impetus to the economic development of a city and its region. The structures of all LITC, organized by the German Hanover Laser Center ae identical, the same are their founders: Laser Association, the regional industry, the regional government. Laser Association is one of the founders of a network of laser centers in our country.
Vyatka Laser Innovation and Technology Centre Recently, in October 2012, Vyatka Laser Innovation and Technology Centre (VLITC) was opened in Kirov. It is a non-profit partnership established as a part of a Russian-German project. The idea and ideology of these laser centers was founded in 1992 with the signing of the Russian-German interstate agreement. The project leader a man of great energy K. Nowicki, sharing experiences and noting the work prospects, said that cooperation between business, research organizations and educational institutions always gives impetus to the economic development of a city and its region. The structures of all LITC, organized by the German Hanover Laser Center ae identical, the same are their founders: Laser Association, the regional industry, the regional government. Laser Association is one of the founders of a network of laser centers in our country.
Lasers & Laser Systems
S.Smirnov, S.Kobtsev, S.Kukarin, A.Ivanenko
Emission mode-locked ultra-long fiber lasers "Unambitious" fiber lasers attract many users by their high-energy ultra-short impulses that converts them in their hands into a standard tool. Achievement of such laser properties is possible thanks to the laser construction, which is performed either by the MOPA (Master Oscillator Power Amplifier) scheme or by a scheme with the resonator increased length. The latter is realized in commercially used ultra-long laser of the company "Technoscan – Lasernie systemi". Some characteristics of lasers with an ultra-long resonator are described. In particular they can generate quasistochastic (noise-like) wave packets.
Emission mode-locked ultra-long fiber lasers "Unambitious" fiber lasers attract many users by their high-energy ultra-short impulses that converts them in their hands into a standard tool. Achievement of such laser properties is possible thanks to the laser construction, which is performed either by the MOPA (Master Oscillator Power Amplifier) scheme or by a scheme with the resonator increased length. The latter is realized in commercially used ultra-long laser of the company "Technoscan – Lasernie systemi". Some characteristics of lasers with an ultra-long resonator are described. In particular they can generate quasistochastic (noise-like) wave packets.
Tags: fiber lasers hybrid lasers with a passive mode synchronization ultra-short high energy pulses generation волоконные лазеры генерация сверхкоротких высокомощных импульсов гибридные лазеры с пассивной синхронизацией мод
A.Temnikov, A.Gayoso de los Santos, A.Fyodorov, A.Kolesnikov
Solid-state diode-pumped lasers power supplies A line of products – solid-state diode-pumped lasers high-efficient power supplies and heat setting on the basis of Peltier elements controllers are presented. Advanced element base was used in the constructions. A short analysis of the structure of demand for power supplies for solid-state lasers is provided. Its slightly unexpected results will be interesting for researches of the laser market.
Solid-state diode-pumped lasers power supplies A line of products – solid-state diode-pumped lasers high-efficient power supplies and heat setting on the basis of Peltier elements controllers are presented. Advanced element base was used in the constructions. A short analysis of the structure of demand for power supplies for solid-state lasers is provided. Its slightly unexpected results will be interesting for researches of the laser market.
Tags: solid- lamp-pumped state lasers solid-state diode-pumped lasers solid-state lasers power supplies источники питания твердотельных лазеров твердотельные лазеры с диодной накачкой твердотельные лазеры с ламповой накачкой
G.Zverev, S.Kopylov
Lasers, Laser Elements and Devices Development at M.F.Stelmakh Research and Development Institute Polyus. On the 50th Anniversary of the Institute Soon after the invention of the optical quantum generator – laser – in 1960 by American engineer T.Maiman, the explosive development of quantum electronics started. It remarkably changed modern civilization. Historical significance of this event became obvious much later, closer to the end of 1960s. Then the various capabilities of lasers were found out: capabilities of semiconductor lasers for the optical communication, capabilities of solid-state lasers for the optical detection and ranging, capabilities of gas lasers for laser gyroscopy, capabilities of high-power gas and solid-state lasers for processing treatment of materials, capabilities of different types of lasers for the medicine.
Lasers, Laser Elements and Devices Development at M.F.Stelmakh Research and Development Institute Polyus. On the 50th Anniversary of the Institute Soon after the invention of the optical quantum generator – laser – in 1960 by American engineer T.Maiman, the explosive development of quantum electronics started. It remarkably changed modern civilization. Historical significance of this event became obvious much later, closer to the end of 1960s. Then the various capabilities of lasers were found out: capabilities of semiconductor lasers for the optical communication, capabilities of solid-state lasers for the optical detection and ranging, capabilities of gas lasers for laser gyroscopy, capabilities of high-power gas and solid-state lasers for processing treatment of materials, capabilities of different types of lasers for the medicine.
V. Petrov
Passion for Laser Has Not Yet Subsided In the last issue of the magazine "Photonics" (№ 6/36/2012) was published Yu.Nosov and A.Smetanov article "Passion for laser," where for the first time in detail was described the history of the semiconductor laser. Unfortunately, due to the secrecy the authors didn’t know many facts about the early history of this technical direction. Continued story describing the emergence and development of this technology will be interesting to many readers.
Passion for Laser Has Not Yet Subsided In the last issue of the magazine "Photonics" (№ 6/36/2012) was published Yu.Nosov and A.Smetanov article "Passion for laser," where for the first time in detail was described the history of the semiconductor laser. Unfortunately, due to the secrecy the authors didn’t know many facts about the early history of this technical direction. Continued story describing the emergence and development of this technology will be interesting to many readers.
Optical Devices & Systems
R. Ketchetson, В. Mahidov
Moxtek. Optical Components Review Moxtek, Inc. that was founded in 1986, has been actively involved in the development and manufacture of innovative technologies. The first product was an X-ray window and polarizers were added in 1999. In pursuance of its line to produce components for scientific research and devices that can improve daily living in 2012 Moxtek put forward an initiative to turn out optical products with maximum attainable performance characteristics.
Moxtek. Optical Components Review Moxtek, Inc. that was founded in 1986, has been actively involved in the development and manufacture of innovative technologies. The first product was an X-ray window and polarizers were added in 1999. In pursuance of its line to produce components for scientific research and devices that can improve daily living in 2012 Moxtek put forward an initiative to turn out optical products with maximum attainable performance characteristics.
Optical Measurements
S.Butiaykin
Identification of Additives used in the Pharmaceutical and Food Industries with the NanoRam Handheld Raman Spectrometer Current Raman instrumentation is faster, more rugged, and less expensive than previous instrumentation. Now, with the advances in component miniaturization, the design of high performance, portable and handheld devices has introduced the technology to new applications that previously with older, more cumbersome instruments were impossible. Handheld Raman instruments such as B&W Tek’s NanoRam due to their extremely high molecular selectivity are well-suited for pharmaceutical applications such as raw materials testing, final products verification and counterfeit drugs identification. Basic concepts of Raman spectrometer metrological capabilities for matter composition measurement are set forth.
Identification of Additives used in the Pharmaceutical and Food Industries with the NanoRam Handheld Raman Spectrometer Current Raman instrumentation is faster, more rugged, and less expensive than previous instrumentation. Now, with the advances in component miniaturization, the design of high performance, portable and handheld devices has introduced the technology to new applications that previously with older, more cumbersome instruments were impossible. Handheld Raman instruments such as B&W Tek’s NanoRam due to their extremely high molecular selectivity are well-suited for pharmaceutical applications such as raw materials testing, final products verification and counterfeit drugs identification. Basic concepts of Raman spectrometer metrological capabilities for matter composition measurement are set forth.
Tags: matter composition measurement metrology pharmacology raw materials testing измерение состава вещества метрология тестирования сырья фармакология
Optical measurements
A.Nedelko
Non-contact temperature measurement advantages and disadvantages A wide variety of pyrometers offered by the market implies difficulties to make a wise choice of a non-contact temperature measurement device. This article shows the advantages and disadvantages of different types of pyrometers. The major factors of a measuring experiment that affect the pyrometer measurements accuracy, which are extremely important for practitioners are given.
Non-contact temperature measurement advantages and disadvantages A wide variety of pyrometers offered by the market implies difficulties to make a wise choice of a non-contact temperature measurement device. This article shows the advantages and disadvantages of different types of pyrometers. The major factors of a measuring experiment that affect the pyrometer measurements accuracy, which are extremely important for practitioners are given.
A.Frunze
Whats Worthwhile to Know When Choosing a Pyrometer In the course of measuring the temperature of real objects the reasons that might negate the benefits of a pyrometer with an extremely low error arise. They will lead to measurement results error not being shares of a percent but even 10% or more. Therefore, when choosing a pyrometer you should not focus on the minimum error mentioned in its passport, but on the specific characteristics of the device, which will make it the best for your needs and will drive additional errors to a minimum. And remember, this question is better to discuss with an expert. He will point to the problems which the sales manager will keep back.
Whats Worthwhile to Know When Choosing a Pyrometer In the course of measuring the temperature of real objects the reasons that might negate the benefits of a pyrometer with an extremely low error arise. They will lead to measurement results error not being shares of a percent but even 10% or more. Therefore, when choosing a pyrometer you should not focus on the minimum error mentioned in its passport, but on the specific characteristics of the device, which will make it the best for your needs and will drive additional errors to a minimum. And remember, this question is better to discuss with an expert. He will point to the problems which the sales manager will keep back.
Optoelectronic devices
K. O`Neill, N. Pavlov, S.Dolinsky, C.Jackson
SensL’s New Fast Timing Silicon Photomultiplier In this paper we report on a new silicon photomultiplier (SPM) architecture with an additional signal output. This additional output has a very fast single photo electron response (~2 ns FWTM). The new device can be easily integrated into legacy systems due to the ability to operate as a normal SPM with Anode readout or used in new designs with an additional fast output. As a result the timing signal rise time for LYSO scintillator coupled to this new fast SPM is about 2ns, compared to typical 20-40ns for SPM’s anode signal. This enables SPM devices coincidence-timing performance improvement from 300 ps (Coincidence Resolved Time – CRT – FWHM) to better than 250ps (CRT FWHM). Furthermore, use of the fast terminal allows for a wide range of leading thresholds without large degradation of CRT as compared with a standard terminal. In this paper we will demonstrate that providing ability to detect first photon events provides significantly better CRT, comparable to large PDE improvement.
SensL’s New Fast Timing Silicon Photomultiplier In this paper we report on a new silicon photomultiplier (SPM) architecture with an additional signal output. This additional output has a very fast single photo electron response (~2 ns FWTM). The new device can be easily integrated into legacy systems due to the ability to operate as a normal SPM with Anode readout or used in new designs with an additional fast output. As a result the timing signal rise time for LYSO scintillator coupled to this new fast SPM is about 2ns, compared to typical 20-40ns for SPM’s anode signal. This enables SPM devices coincidence-timing performance improvement from 300 ps (Coincidence Resolved Time – CRT – FWHM) to better than 250ps (CRT FWHM). Furthermore, use of the fast terminal allows for a wide range of leading thresholds without large degradation of CRT as compared with a standard terminal. In this paper we will demonstrate that providing ability to detect first photon events provides significantly better CRT, comparable to large PDE improvement.